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The characteristic roots (roots of the characteristic equation) also provide qualitative information about the behavior of the variable whose evolution is described by the dynamic equation. For a differential equation parameterized on time, the variable's evolution is stable if and only if the real part of each root is negative
In mathematics, the method of characteristics is a technique for solving partial differential equations. Typically, it applies to first-order equations , though in general characteristic curves can also be found for hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equation .
The corresponding eigenvalue, characteristic value, or characteristic root is the multiplying factor (possibly negative). Geometrically, vectors are multi-dimensional quantities with magnitude and direction, often pictured as arrows. A linear transformation rotates, stretches, or shears the vectors upon which it acts. Its eigenvectors are those ...
As a further example, when considering = = (), then the characteristic polynomial is p(x) = x 2 + 1, and the eigenvalues are λ = ±i. As before, evaluating the function at the eigenvalues gives us the linear equations e it = c 0 + i c 1 and e − it = c 0 − ic 1 ; the solution of which gives, c 0 = ( e it + e − it )/2 = cos t and c 1 = ( e ...
In probability theory and statistics, a unit root is a feature of some stochastic processes (such as random walks) that can cause problems in statistical inference involving time series models. A linear stochastic process has a unit root if 1 is a root of the process's characteristic equation.
A simple example of such a problem is to find the curve of shortest length connecting two points. If there are no constraints, the solution is a straight line between the points. However, if the curve is constrained to lie on a surface in space, then the solution is less obvious, and possibly many solutions may exist.