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Septic shock is a result of a systemic response to infection or multiple infectious causes. The precipitating infections that may lead to septic shock if severe enough include but are not limited to appendicitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, diverticulitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, pancreatitis, necrotizing fasciitis, MRSA and mesenteric ischemia.
Sepsis is defined as SIRS in response to an infectious process. [48] Severe sepsis is defined as sepsis with sepsis-induced organ dysfunction or tissue hypoperfusion (manifesting as hypotension, elevated lactate, or decreased urine output). Severe sepsis is an infectious disease state associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) [9]
Sepsis Alliance is a non-profit organization dedicated to raising awareness of sepsis. This awareness is accomplished through a variety of methods, including healthcare professional education programs, outreach to the general population, and lobbying for regulatory measures which improve outcomes for individuals with sepsis. [1]
The SOFA scoring system is useful in predicting the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. [8] According to an observational study at an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Belgium, the mortality rate is at least 50% when the score is increased, regardless of initial score, in the first 96 hours of admission, 27% to 35% if the score remains unchanged, and less than 27% if the score is reduced. [9]
A follow-up conference, therefore, decided to define the patients with a documented or highly suspicious infection that results in a systemic inflammatory response as having sepsis. [18] Note that SIRS criteria are non-specific, [ 18 ] and must be interpreted carefully within the clinical context.
Bacteremia can have several important health consequences. Immune responses to the bacteria can cause sepsis and septic shock , which, particularly if severe sepsis and then septic shock occurs, have high mortality rates , especially if not treated quickly (though, if treated early, currently mild sepsis can usually be dealt with successfully ...
Elbers and Ince have identified five classes of abnormal microcirculatory flow in distributive shock using side stream dark field microscopy. Class I: all capillaries are stagnant when there is normal or sluggish venular flow. Class II: there are empty capillaries next to capillaries that have flowing red blood cells.
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) is a global initiative to bring together professional organizations in reducing mortality from sepsis.The purpose of the SSC is to create an international collaborative effort to improve the treatment of sepsis and reduce the high mortality rate associated with the condition.