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The Temple Church, a royal peculiar in the Church of England, [2] is a church in the Inner and Middle Temples located between Fleet Street and the River Thames, built by the Knights Templar for their English headquarters in the Temple precinct. It was consecrated on 10 February 1185 [3] by Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem. [4]
Castle of Soure - received and reconstructed in March 1128, was the first castle of the Knights Templar. [16] Old town of Tomar, including the Castle, the Convent of the Order of Christ and the Church of Santa Maria do Olival [1] [2]
Map of London in about 1300, showing large monastic holdings in purple. The Temple is the purple precinct farthest centre-left. The name is recorded in the 12th century as Novum Templum, meaning 'New Temple'. [3] It is named after the then 'new' church (Temple Church) and surrounding holdings then belonging to the Knights Templar.
In 1185, a hospital was founded at Newark-on-Trent and granted to the Knights Templar. An inventory by Geoffrey Fitz Stephen reveals that by 1185, the Order of the Knights Templar had extensive holdings in London, Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, Warwickshire, Worcestershire, Salop, Oxfordshire, Cornwall, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire.
The Middle Temple is the western part of "The Temple", which was the headquarters of the Knights Templar until they were dissolved in 1312. There have been lawyers in the Temple since 1320, when they were the tenants of the Earl of Lancaster, who had held the Temple since 1315. [4] The Temple later belonged to the Knights Hospitaller.
The Knights Templar were dismantled in the Rolls of the Catholic Church in 1309. Following the suppression of the Order, a number of Knights Templar joined the newly established Order of Christ, which effectively reabsorbed the Knights Templar and its properties in AD 1319, especially in Portugal.
The Royal Foundation of St Katharine [10] founded in 1147 by Queen Matilda of England [11] as a religious community and medieval hospital for poor infirm people next to the Tower of London; Temple Church, built in the 1100s by the Knights Templar in the City of London [12]
As the chapel of the New Temple in London, it was the location for Templar initiation ceremonies. In modern times it is the parish church of the Middle and Inner Temples, two of the Inns of Court. It is a popular tourist attraction. In 1307, the Templar Order in the British Isles was thought to be rich in possessions but few in members.