Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Generic hydrolysis reaction. (The 2-way yield symbol indicates a chemical equilibrium in which hydrolysis and condensation are reversible.). Hydrolysis (/ h aɪ ˈ d r ɒ l ɪ s ɪ s /; from Ancient Greek hydro- 'water' and lysis 'to unbind') is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.
Condensation reactions likely played major roles in the synthesis of the first biotic molecules including early peptides and nucleic acids.In fact, condensation reactions would be required at multiple steps in RNA oligomerization: the condensation of nucleobases and sugars, nucleoside phosphorylation, and nucleotide polymerization.
The mechanisms of hydrolysis and condensation, and the factors that bias the structure toward linear or branched structures are the most critical issues of sol–gel science and technology. This reaction is favored in both basic and acidic conditions.
The hydrolysis step is completed with the formation of a microemulsion [9] before adding sodium fluoride to nucleation the condensation process. The non-ionic surfactant is burned away to produce empty pores, increasing the surface area and altering the surface characteristics of the resulting particles, allowing for much greater control over ...
Condensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle . [ 1 ] It can also be defined as the change in the state of water vapor to liquid water when in contact with a liquid or solid surface or cloud condensation nuclei within ...
As such, an Ullmann condensation can be employed: an aryl halide is able to react with phenol (or its derivatives) to form a bis-aryl ether in the presence of a copper-based catalyst, such as copper(II) oxide. [7] An Ullmann condensation between p-methylphenolate and bromobenzene in the presence of a copper catalyst to form 4-methyl-1 ...
ATP hydrolysis is the catabolic reaction process by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released after splitting these bonds, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy.
Higher temperature or acidic conditions can speed up the hydrolysis reactions considerably. [5] Conversely, polyphosphoric acids or polyphosphates are often formed by dehydrating a phosphoric acid solution; in other words, removing water from it often by heating and evaporating the water off.