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The extensor retinaculum (dorsal carpal ligament, or posterior annular ligament) is a thickened portion of the antebrachial fascia that holds the tendons of the extensor muscles in place. [1] It is located on the back of the forearm , just proximal to the hand . [ 2 ]
Any movement of the thumb and wrist causes the patient pain, inflammation and swelling. The presence of anomalous or variant muscles in the fourth compartment may result in chronic dorsal wrist pain, a condition known as the fourth compartment syndrome. [4] Intersection syndrome can be caused by direct trauma to the second extensor compartment.
The extensor indicis proprius usually runs and inserts onto the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum communis of the index finger. [4] The fifth compartment is occupied by the extensor digiti minimi, the extensor of the little finger. The extensor carpi ulnaris passes through the sixth compartment to insert to the base of the fifth metacarpal bone.
They may be administered by the physical therapist (PT) or occupational therapist (OT). Tinel's sign involves tapping at the volar wrist while Phalen's test involves maintaining maximum wrist flexion for 60 seconds. In both tests, a positive sign is indicated by numbness, tingling or pain in the thumb, index and half of the middle finger.
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Rest can reduce pain and activity can make it worse, especially with rotating movements (supination and pronation) of the wrist or movements of the hand sideways in ulnar direction. Other symptoms patients with a TFCC injury frequently mention are: swelling, loss of grip strength, instability, and grinding or clicking sounds ( crepitus ) that ...