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Infertility is "a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse (and there is no other reason, such as breastfeeding or postpartum amenorrhoea). Primary infertility is infertility in a couple who have never had a child.
Whether having varicocele surgery or embolization improves male fertility is controversial, as good clinical data is lacking. [9] There is tentative evidence that varicocelectomy may improve fertility in those with obvious findings and abnormal sperm; [ 4 ] however, this has a number needed to treat of 7 for varicocelectomy and 17 for embolization.
For male reproductive surgery for the treatment of varicocele by percutaneous embolization, current literature considers adolescents, allergies to contrast, men with a bilateral grade 3 varicocele, and men with primary infertility as relative contraindications to surgery. [28]
This treatment has largely superseded operative options.Coil embolisation requires exclusion of other pelvic pathology, expertise in endovascular surgery, correct placement of appropriate sized coils in the pelvis and also in the upper left ovarian vein, careful pre- and post-procedure specialist vascular ultrasound imaging, a full discussion ...
If sperm were seen in one or both vas contents at the time of surgery, or sperm reached the patient's semen only transiently after the reversal, microsurgical vasovasostomy may be successful. Unfortunately, surgeons performing only an occasional vasectomy reversal often neglect examining the vas contents for presence or absence of sperm.
Mini-laparotomy for tubal reversal surgery involves making a small, 2 to 3 inch incision in the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone after shaving the hair with a sterile hair clipper. The size and location of the incision as well as the plastic surgery techniques used to close it make the thin scar nearly invisible after it has healed.
Aristotle. Reproductive medicine is a branch of medicine concerning the male and female reproductive systems.It encompasses a variety of reproductive conditions, their prevention and assessment, as well as their subsequent treatment and prognosis.
A previous successful vaginal delivery (before or after the caesarean section) increases the chances of a successful VBAC. The indication for the previous caesarean section should not be present in the current pregnancy. Location at an institution equipped to respond to emergencies with physicians immediately available to provide emergency care ...