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Borosilicate glass is a type of glass with silica and boron trioxide as the main glass-forming constituents. Borosilicate glasses are known for having very low coefficients of thermal expansion (≈3 × 10 −6 K −1 at 20 °C), making them more resistant to thermal shock than any other common glass.
In the GDR, Jena glass was a sought-after export item to the NSW (Non-Socialist Economic Territory) and a valuable foreign exchange earner. In mid-2005, Schott AG ceased production of Jena glass at the company's founding site in Jena, after several million marks had been invested in a new production line in the 1990s. The melting furnace was ...
Soda–lime glass (for containers) [2] Borosilicate (low expansion, similar to Pyrex, Duran) Glass wool (for thermal insulation) Special optical glass (similar to Lead crystal) Fused silica Germania glass Germanium selenide glass Chemical composition, wt% 74 SiO 2, 13 Na 2 O, 10.5 CaO, 1.3 Al 2 O 3, 0.3 K 2 O, 0.2 SO 3, 0.2 MgO, 0.01 TiO 2, 0. ...
A Pyrex borosilicate glass measuring cup. Borosilicate glasses (e.g. Pyrex, Duran) typically contain 5–13% boron trioxide (B 2 O 3). [75] Borosilicate glasses have fairly low coefficients of thermal expansion (7740 Pyrex CTE is 3.25 × 10 −6 /°C [78] as compared to about 9 × 10 −6 /°C for a typical soda–lime glass [79]).
Glassmakers can achieve the look of uranium glass using other neon green colorants, but they don't react to black light the way the real thing does. When UV light shines on uranium glass it glows ...
Thermal fracturing in glass occurs when a sufficient temperature differential is created within glass. [1] As a warmed area expands or a cooled area contracts, stress forces develop, potentially leading to fracture. A temperature differential may be created in many ways, including solar heating, space heating devices, fire, or hot and cold liquids.
The glass object is then soaked in a hot acid solution, which leaches away the soluble glass phase, leaving an object which is mostly silica. At this stage, the glass is porous . Finally, the object is heated to more than 1200 °C, which consolidates the porous structure, making the object shrink slightly and become non-porous.
K9 glass, sometimes referred to as K9 crystal, is a variety of optical borosilicate crown glass. The letter "K" is a reference to the German word for "crown" (Krone) and the number 9 refers to the lead oxide content of the glass (9%). K9 glass has high optical clarity, and is used in many contexts requiring this characteristic.