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Serial robots usually have six joints, because it requires at least six degrees of freedom to place a manipulated object in an arbitrary position and orientation in the workspace of the robot. A popular application for serial robots in today's industry is the pick-and-place assembly robot, called a SCARA robot, which has four degrees of freedom.
In robotics, a manipulator is a device used to manipulate materials without direct physical contact by the operator. The applications were originally for dealing with radioactive or biohazardous materials, using robotic arms , or they were used in inaccessible places.
Victor Scheinman's MIT Arm, built for MIT's Artificial Intelligence Lab ca. 1972, the first arm designed with a 321 kinematic structure. 321 kinematic structure is a design method for robotic arms (serial manipulators), invented by Donald L. Pieper and used in most commercially produced robotic arms.
Manipulator – gripper. A robotic 'hand'. Parallel manipulator – articulated robot or manipulator based on a number of kinematic chains, actuators and joints, in parallel. c.f. serial manipulator. Remote manipulator – manipulator under direct human control, often used for work with hazardous materials.
For serial manipulators this requires solution of a set of polynomials obtained from the kinematics equations and yields multiple configurations for the chain. The case of a general 6R serial manipulator (a serial chain with six revolute joints ) yields sixteen different inverse kinematics solutions, which are solutions of a sixteenth degree ...
Category: Robotic manipulators. 1 language. ... Serial manipulator; Snake-arm robot; Stanford arm This page was last edited on 14 July 2019, at 20:04 (UTC). ...
The Denavit and Hartenberg notation gives a standard (distal) methodology to write the kinematic equations of a manipulator. This is especially useful for serial manipulators where a matrix is used to represent the pose (position and orientation) of one body with respect to another.
A parallel manipulator is a mechanical system that uses several computer-controlled serial chains to support a single platform, or end-effector. Perhaps, the best known parallel manipulator is formed from six linear actuators that support a movable base for devices such as flight simulators.