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Disruption of the peritoneum, even in the absence of perforation of a hollow viscus, may also cause infection simply by letting micro-organisms into the peritoneal cavity. Examples include trauma, surgical wound, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and intra-peritoneal chemotherapy.
Trauma to the tissues, such as serious impact on a tooth or excessive pressure exerted on teeth during orthodontic treatment, can be a possible cause as well. [17] Occlusal overload may also be involved in the development of a periodontal abscess, but this is rare and usually occurs in combination with other factors.
Although there is no high-quality evidence, the third-generation cephalosporins are considered the standard empirical treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with cirrhosis. [29] In practice, cefotaxime is the agent of choice for treatment of SBP. After confirmation of SBP, hospital admission is usually advised for observation ...
Ascites (/ ə ˈ s aɪ t i z /; [5] Greek: ἀσκός, romanized: askos, meaning "bag" or "sac" [6]) is the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen. [1] Technically, it is more than 25 ml of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, although volumes greater than one liter may occur. [4]
A peritonsillar abscess (PTA), also known as a quinsy, is an accumulation of pus due to an infection behind the tonsil. [2] Symptoms include fever, throat pain, trouble opening the mouth, and a change to the voice. [1] Pain is usually worse on one side. [1] Complications may include blockage of the airway or aspiration pneumonitis. [1]
Pneumoperitoneum is pneumatosis (abnormal presence of air or other gas) in the peritoneal cavity, a potential space within the abdominal cavity.The most common cause is a perforated abdominal organ, generally from a perforated peptic ulcer, although any part of the bowel may perforate from a benign ulcer, tumor or abdominal trauma.
Cytopathology of peritoneal fluid from paracentesis , showing typical features of adenocarcinoma. It is used for a number of reasons: [3] to relieve abdominal pressure from ascites; to diagnose spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and other infections (e.g. abdominal TB) to diagnose metastatic cancer; to diagnose blood in peritoneal space in trauma
Treatment is with antibiotics and drainage of the abscess; typically guided by ultrasound or CT, through the skin, via the rectum, or transvaginal routes. [3] Occasionally antibiotics may be used without surgery; if the abscess is at a very stage and small. [2] Until sensitivities are received, a broad spectrum antibiotic is generally required. [2]