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[2] [17] Eventually, the HBM was applied to more substantial, long-term behavior change such as diet modification, exercise, and smoking. [17] Developers of the model recognized that confidence in one's ability to effect change in outcomes (i.e., self-efficacy) was a key component of health behavior change.
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1. changing the picture of the model; 2. using "HBM" whenever the model is mentioned after the first opening paragraph; 3. adding contents and sources for the history section; 4. supplying more academic examples for the part of theoretical constructs; 5. adding more empirical studies; 6. supporting more evidence to the limitation of the theory;
Jabriyya Arabic: جبرية, romanized: Jabriyyah̅n rooted from j-b-r; was an Islamic theological group based on the belief that humans are controlled by predestination, without having choice or free will, in the sense which gives the meaning of someone who is forced or coerced by destiny.
The teachings and normative examples of Muhammad, called the Sunnah, documented in accounts called the hadith, provide a constitutional model for Muslims. Islam is based on the belief in the oneness and uniqueness of God , and belief in an afterlife with the Last Judgment—wherein the righteous will be rewarded in paradise and the unrighteous ...
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
By the end of the Islamic Golden Age, however, the Asharite view of Islam had in general triumphed. Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam, i.e. the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad.
Quranism (Arabic: القرآنية, romanized: al-Qurʾāniyya) is an Islamic movement that holds the belief that the Quran is the only valid source of religious belief, guidance, and law in Islam. Quranists believe that the Quran is clear, complete, and that it can be fully understood without recourse to the hadith and sunnah.