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Glockengasse 4 in Cologne, the headquarters of 4711 Third address book of Cologne, 1797, page 179. On 3 October 1794, in view of the French troops standing just outside Cologne, the city council approved a plan proposed by the guard-committee to number all houses in the city without exception and to install what would be considered appropriate lighting for each location.
3rd Cologne Address Book 1797, Page 179: Wilhelm Mülhens in Klöckergasse. In 1803 Carlo Farina, who was not part of the famous cologne-producing family, fraudulently sold William Mülhens that family's naming rights. [2] In 1805 Mülhens was first recorded as a cologne manufacturer, later sold under the product name 4711 from 1881.
[1] 14th century Carmelite Water: Unknown [2] 1709 Farina Eau de Cologne: Farina gegenüber: Johann Maria Farina (1685-1766) 1772 Number Six: Caswell-Massey: William Hunter (1730-1777) 1798 Eau de Lubin: Parfums Lubin Pierre François Lubin [3] 19th century Kolonya: Abdul Hamid II [4] 1803 4711 Eau de Cologne: Mäurer & Wirtz: Wilhelm Mülhens ...
Ferdinand Mülhens. Ferdinand Mülhens (December 23, 1844 – January 15, 1928) was a land owner and entrepreneur in Königswinter, Germany.Mülhens was born in Cologne.. In the 19th century he managed the perfume factory founded by his grandfather Wilhelm Mülhens at Cologne's Glockengasse 4711, producing the original Eau de Cologne.
A single vial of this aqua mirabilis (Latin for miracle water) cost half the annual salary of a civil servant. [4] When free trade was established in Cologne by the French in 1797, the success of Eau de Cologne prompted countless other businessmen to sell their own fragrances under the name of Eau de Cologne.
Perfume (UK: / ˈ p ɜː f j uː m /, US: / p ər ˈ f j uː m / ⓘ) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. [1]
Eau de toilette (French: [o d(ə) twalɛt], meaning "grooming water") [n 1] is a lightly scented perfume. [2] It is also referred to as aromatic waters and has a high alcohol content. [3] It is usually applied directly to the skin after bathing or shaving. [4] It is traditionally composed of alcohol and various volatile oils. [5]
The word 'attar' is believed to have been derived from the Persian word itir, [3] which is in turn derived from the Arabic word 'itr (عطر), meaning 'perfume'. [4] [5]The earliest recorded mention of the techniques and methods used to produce essential oils is believed to be that of Ibn al-Baitar (1188–1248), an Al-Andalusian (Muslim Iberia) physician, pharmacist and chemist.