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If the pore closes, it'll appear white and is called a whitehead; if the pore remains open it looks dark and is called a blackhead. First thing's first: Acne as a whole is extremely common.
A comedo may be open to the air ("blackhead") or closed by skin ("whitehead"). [2] Being open to the air causes oxidation of the melanin pigment, which turns it black. [9] [2] Cutibacterium acnes is the suspected infectious agent in acne. [3] It can proliferate in sebum and cause inflamed pustules (pimples) characteristic of acne. [3]
There are non-inflammatory acne types, which include different kinds of pimples like whiteheads and blackheads, and inflammatory acne types, like papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts.
[67] [165] [166] [167] Treatment twice daily for six months is necessary, and is as effective as topical benzoyl peroxide 5%, isotretinoin 0.05%, and erythromycin 2%. [168] Azelaic acid is an effective acne treatment due to its ability to reduce skin cell accumulation in the follicle and its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. [67]
The increased production of sebum can lead to a blockage of the sebaceous gland duct. This can cause a comedo (commonly called a blackhead or a whitehead), which can lead to infection, particularly by the bacteria Cutibacterium acnes. This can inflame the comedones, which then change into the characteristic acne lesions. Comedones generally ...
This treatment has benzoyl peroxide and lipo-hydroxy acid (LHA), which help to exfoliate and remove dead skin cells, according to La Roche-Posay. For best results, the brand recommends using the ...
The differential diagnosis includes other disorders that can cause comedones, such as acne vulgaris, familial dyskeratotic comedones, and Darier-White disease. There is no cure for FDCWD. Treatment is aimed at controlling the comedones and preventing scarring. Treatment options include topical retinoids, oral isotretinoin, and chemical peels.
Treatment is generally not required and attempts to remove them typically result in pain and scarring. [3] Their cause is unclear, [3] and they are not associated with hair follicles. [3] Diagnosis is done by visualisation. [3] They may appear similar to genital warts or molluscum. [3]