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The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by King Philip II of France, King Richard I of England and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187. For this reason, the Third Crusade is also known as the Kings' Crusade. [13]
Toggle Third Crusade (1189–1192) subsection. 3.1 From Europe. 3.2 From the Crusader states. 4 Crusade of 1197. 5 Fourth Crusade ... King of England. André de ...
The two kings eventually met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip's sister Alys. [75] In 1190 King Richard, before leaving for the Holy Land for the crusade, met Joachim of Fiore, who spoke to him of a prophecy contained in the Book of Revelation.
The armies would be led by the strongest kings of Europe and a route that would be pre-planned. The pope called on Bernard of Clairvaux to preach the Second Crusade, granting the same indulgences which had been accorded to the First Crusaders. Among those answering the call were two European kings, Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany.
The Norwegian Crusade (1107–1110), also known as the Crusade of Sigurd Jorsalfar, king of Norway. More of a pilgrimage than a crusade, it did include the participation in military action, with the king's forces participation in the siege of Sidon. This crusade marks the first time a European king visited the Holy Land.
The pope responded by calling for a new crusade and Western Europe responded. [2] 1187. 20 September – 2 October. Saladin's conquest over the Franks is nearly complete with his successful Siege of Jerusalem. [3] 20 October. Urban III dies and is succeeded by Gregory VIII on 25 October. [a] [5] 29 October.
In May 1189, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa began his expedition to the Holy Land as part of the Third Crusade to recover the city of Jerusalem from the forces of Saladin. After an extended stay in the European territories of the Byzantine Empire , the Imperial army crossed over to Asia at the Dardanelles from 22–28 March 1190.
Crusades were waged in the Iberian Peninsula, in northeastern Europe against the Wends, and in the Baltic region; other campaigns were fought against those the church considered heretics in France, Germany, and Hungary, as well as in Italy against opponents of the popes.