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In addition to Hindi-Urdu, there have been attempts to design Indo-Pakistani transliteration systems for digraphic languages like Sindhi (written in extended Perso-Arabic in Sindh of Pakistan and in Devanagari by Sindhis in partitioned India), Punjabi (written in Gurmukhi in East Punjab and Shahmukhi in West Punjab), Saraiki (written in ...
The name 'Shahmukhi' is a recent coinage, imitating its counterpart 'Gurmukhi'. [9] However, the writing of Punjabi in the Perso-Arabic script is well-attested from the 17th century onwards. [ 10 ] According to Dhavan, Punjabi began to adopt the script as a "side effect" of educational practices in Mughal -era Punjab , when Punjabi Muslims ...
This is a list of Punjabi tribes. More specifically, these are tribes (mostly in Pakistan ) and castes (mostly in India ) located within the Punjab region of South Asia , including those that may not be officially recognized by state governments.
Following is a list of famous and notable Punjabi people, an ethnic group belonging to the Punjab region. It contains people mainly from what is today Punjab, Pakistan and Punjab, India , and people with Punjabi ancestry or people who speak Punjabi as their primary language.
Hindi has drawn increasing focus as an academic subject. [8] There is a growing trend of Hindi experts and the availability of texts in Pakistan. [8] Many Hindi instructors migrated from India, or were educated at Indian universities. [5] The Department of Hindi at the National University of Modern Languages (NUML) in Islamabad was
Punjab Mail Online: This leading online news portal is updated daily and published from Punjab, India. [28] Punjab Post: a complete Punjabi and English newspaper, online daily and printed weekly from Holy City Amritsar [29] Punjabi Bollywood Tadka: This Punjabi Newspapaer contain Bollywood gossip. Punjabi Jagran: This newspaper is published by ...
In India, Punjabi is listed as a constitutional language and is counted in the census returns. According to the 2011 Census of India, there are 33,124,726 Punjabi speakers which includes the varieties of Bagri (1,656,588 speakers) Bilaspuri (295,805 speakers) and Bhateali (23,970 speakers). [20] Bagri is spoken in parts of Punjab, Haryana and ...
Later in the 20th century, after the struggle of the Punjabi Suba movement, from the founding of modern India in the 1940s to the 1960s, the script was given the authority as the official state script of the Punjab, India, [6] [7] where it is used in all spheres of culture, arts, education, and administration, with a firmly established common ...