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With regard to the fetal presentation during pregnancy, three periods have been distinguished. [5]During the first period, which lasts until the 24th gestational week, the incidence of a longitudinal lie increases, with equal proportions of breech or cephalic presentations from this lie.
Thus the various presentations are: cephalic presentation (head first): vertex —the most common and associated with the fewest complications; sinciput (forehead) brow (eyebrows) face; chin; breech presentation [1] (buttocks or feet first): complete breech; footling breech; frank breech; shoulder presentation: arm; shoulder; trunk
The three types of breech positions are footling breech, frank breech, and complete breech. These births occur in 3% to 4% of all term pregnancies. [ 31 ] They usually result in Cesarean sections because it is more difficult to deliver the baby through the birth canal and there is a lack of expertise in vaginal breech delivery and therefore ...
In obstetrics, position is the orientation of the fetus in the womb, identified by the location of the presenting part of the fetus relative to the pelvis of the mother. . Conventionally, it is the position assumed by the fetus before the process of birth, as the fetus assumes various positions and postures during the course of chil
External cephalic version (ECV) is a process by which a breech baby can sometimes be turned from buttocks or foot first to head first. It is a manual procedure that is recommended by national guidelines for breech presentation of a pregnancy with a single baby, in order to enable vaginal delivery.
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In the brow presentation, the head is slightly extended, but less than in the face presentation. The chin presentation is a variant of the face presentation with maximum extension of the head. Non-cephalic presentations are the breech presentation (3.5%) and the shoulder presentation (0.5%). [1]
Risk for breech presentation may increase with multiple pregnancies (more than one baby), when there is too little or too much fluid in the uterus, or if the uterus is abnormally shaped. [24] Babies in breech presentation can be delivered vaginally depending on the experience of the provider and if the fetus meets specific low risk criteria ...