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Equilibrium of forces on the surface is required for a bubble to exist. [50] These are: Ambient pressure, exerted on the outside of the surface, acting inwards [50] Pressure due to tissue distortion, also on the outside and acting inwards [50] Surface tension of the liquid at the interface between the bubble and the surroundings. This is along ...
Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
Donnan equilibrium across a cell membrane (schematic). The Gibbs–Donnan effect (also known as the Donnan's effect, Donnan law, Donnan equilibrium, or Gibbs–Donnan equilibrium) is a name for the behaviour of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane that sometimes fail to distribute evenly across the two sides of the membrane. [1]
Pressure as a function of the height above the sea level. The human body can perform best at sea level, [7] where the atmospheric pressure is 101,325 Pa or 1013.25 millibars (or 1 atm, by definition). The concentration of oxygen (O 2) in sea-level air is 20.9%, so the partial pressure of O 2 (pO 2) is 21.136 kilopascals (158.53 mmHg).
The rate at which fluid is filtered across vascular endothelium (transendothelial filtration) is determined by the sum of two outward forces, capillary pressure and colloid osmotic pressure beneath the endothelial glycocalyx (), and two absorptive forces, plasma protein osmotic pressure and interstitial pressure (). The Starling equation is the ...
It is also called hydrostatic pressure, and is defined as the pressure in a fluid measured at a certain point within itself when at equilibrium. [2] Generally, turgor pressure is caused by the osmotic flow of water and occurs in plants, fungi, and bacteria. The phenomenon is also observed in protists that have cell walls. [3]
Oncotic pressure strongly affects the physiological function of the circulatory system. It is suspected to have a major effect on the pressure across the glomerular filter. However, this concept has been strongly criticised and attention has shifted to the impact of the intravascular glycocalyx layer as the major player. [2] [3] [4] [5]
Physiological stress represents a wide range of physical responses that occur as a direct effect of a stressor causing an upset in the homeostasis of the body. Upon immediate disruption of either psychological or physical equilibrium the body responds by stimulating the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. The reaction of these systems ...