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The word melanoma has a long history of being used in a broader sense to refer to any melanocytic tumor, typically, but not always malignant, [170] [171] but today the narrower sense referring only to malignant types has become so dominant that benign tumors are usually not called melanomas anymore and the word melanoma is now usually taken to ...
Melanoma has one of the higher survival rates among cancers, with over 86% of people in the UK and more than 90% in the United States surviving more than 5 years. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, globally accounting for at least 40% of cancer cases.
Nevi and melanomas are a group of neoplasia. Although a nevus and a melanoma are often treated as independent entities, there is evidence that a nevus can be a precursor for a melanoma. [1] Common mutations have been identified in nevi and melanomas. [2] [3] [4]
However, a melanocytic nevus is benign, and melanoma is malignant. Most melanocytic nevi never evolve into a cancer, with the lifetime risk for an individual nevus being 1 in 3000 for men and 1 in 11 000 for women. [5] Moreover, dermatologists have a standardized system for determining whether a skin lesion is suspicious for malignant melanoma.
At least one study indicates a cumulative lifetime risk of nearly 100% in individuals who have dysplastic nevi and are members of melanoma kindreds. [citation needed] Roughly 70% of melanomas arise "de novo" on clear skin growth, whereas the rest arise within atypical moles. [14] Those with dysplastic nevi have an elevated risk of melanoma.
Amelanotic melanoma is a type of skin cancer in which the cells do not make any melanin. [1]: 696 [2] They can be pink, red, purple or of normal skin color, and are therefore difficult to diagnose correctly. They can occur anywhere on the body, just as a typical melanoma can.