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Communicative behaviors are psychological constructs that influence individual differences in expressing feelings, needs, and thoughts as a substitute for more direct and open communication. [1] More specifically, communicative behaviors refer to people's tendency to express themselves using indirect messages. [ 2 ]
[5]: 244, 5 Lasswell himself also proposed additional questions, usually for the application of the model to specific fields. In the field of political communication, for example, he includes questions about what value outcomes are sought and whether the effect is in tune with the speaker's goals. [2]
Defensive behaviors are carried out when a person feels threatened during communication and hence the need to defend him or herself. [1] Supportive communication is important as humans interact, as people need to feel a connection with other people. [2] Gibb believes that there are times and places when to use his methods of communication.
Behavior analysts prefer to use the term behavioral skills to social skills. [26] Behavioral skills training to build social and other skills is used with a variety of populations including in packages to treat addictions as in the community reinforcement approach and family training (CRAFT). [27]
It was presented as a formal theoretical statements with five empirical grounded propositions, four of which were carried over intact from the earlier version." (Philipsen, Coutu and Covarrubias). [3] There were four questions that Philipsen sought to answer through his research on the Speech Code Theory: the existence of distinctive speech codes
Verbal Behavior is a 1957 book by psychologist B. F. Skinner, in which he describes what he calls verbal behavior, or what was traditionally called linguistics. [1] [2] Skinner's work describes the controlling elements of verbal behavior with terminology invented for the analysis - echoics, mands, tacts, autoclitics and others - as well as carefully defined uses of ordinary terms such as audience.
They include discussions of communication among other species, like non-human animals and plants. Models of non-human communication usually stress the practical aspects of communication, ie., what effects it has on behavior. An example is that communication provides an evolutionary advantage to the communicators. [51]
The four-sides model also known as communication square or four-ears model is a communication model described in 1981 by German psychologist Friedemann Schulz von Thun. [2] [3] It describes the multi-layered structure of human utterances.