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The posterior tibial artery arises from the popliteal artery in the popliteal fossa. [1] It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course. It passes just posterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia, but anterior to the Achilles tendon. [1] It passes into the foot deep to the flexor retinaculum of the foot. [1]
Pimenta's point is an anatomical landmark for easy location of the posterior tibial artery or tibialis posterior artery (a peripheral pulse on the inside of the ankle). An imagined line is drawn between the bony prominence of the medial malleolus and the insertion of the achilles tendon.
The tibiofibular trunk terminates by bifurcating into two terminal branches: the posterior tibial artery, and the fibular artery. This is the most common configuration of the origins of these arteries, however, many other anatomical variations exist. [1]
The main deep neurovascular bundle at risk is the posterior tibial artery. It lies on the posterior aspect of the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus muscle, and medial to the belly of flexor hallucis longus muscle. It also gives rise to medial plantar artery and lateral plantar artery. [1]
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon: Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint Plantaris: Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal ligament: Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle Soleus
Dorsalis pedis artery pulse – on dorsal surface of the foot, running lateral to the tendon of the first toe; Posterior tibial artery pulse – posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus; Popliteal artery pulse – behind the knee, typically done with both hands
The tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial vein, and flexor tendons travel in a bundle along this pathway through the tarsal tunnel, in the following order from anteromedial to posterolateral: Tibialis posterior tendon. [2] Flexor digitorum longus tendon. [2] Posterior tibial artery. [2] Posterior tibial vein. [1] Tibial nerve. [2]
The popliteal artery is a deeply placed continuation of the femoral artery opening in the distal portion of the adductor magnus muscle.It courses through the popliteal fossa and ends at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, where it branches into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.