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Pope Eugene III had to resort to force, and thus to Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. At Konstanz in 1153, the two men signed an agreement. In exchange for the Pope's reconquest of the Papal States, he agreed to crown Barbarossa emperor. Rome was recaptured in 1155. Barbarossa was crowned by Adrian IV the day after he entered the city, on June 18 ...
Frederick Barbarossa (December 1122 – 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I (German: Friedrich I; Italian: Federico I), was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death in 1190. He was elected King of Germany in Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March 1152.
The Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, Frederick Barbarossa, is crowned at St. Trophime Cathedral by the archbishop of Arles. 1365 : (June 4). Following the precedent of Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor Charles IV is crowned king of Arles (Arelat) at St. Trophime Cathedral. 1445 to 1465 The Romanesque abside of the church is replaced by a Gothic ...
Refusing to recognize Barbarossa as the Roman emperor, the Byzantines eventually relented with calling him "the most noble emperor of Elder Rome" (as opposed to the New Rome, Constantinople). The Germans always referred to Isaac II as the Greek emperor or the Emperor of Constantinople. [36] Emperor Frederick Barbarossa depicted during the Third ...
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by King Philip II of France, King Richard I of England and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187.
The renewed excommunication, previously imposed at the Council of Montpellier, omitted Emperor Frederick Barbarossa's name. [10] Alexander stated, "We exclude the emperor, whom I wish to reconcile to us on these matters." [11] Despite Alexander's charity, Frederick Barbarossa would support Paschal III following Victor IV's death in 1164. [11]
The church of Cassian, now referred to as Hagios Petros (i.e. St. Peter), was also reconstructed after the Hagia Sophia by Patriarch John III Polites who was ordered to do so by Emperor Basil II. [10] When Ibn Butlan visited and lived in the church in the middle of the 11th century, the church had many servants and administrators. [5]
The unity of the Church had been restored only after eighteen years, when Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa and Pope Alexander III signed a Treaty of Venice (1 August 1177); shortly thereafter the pro-imperial pope Callistus III (successor of Victor IV) abandoned his claims to the papacy and submitted to Alexander III (29 August 1178). [38]