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Passive smoking is the inhalation of tobacco smoke, called passive smoke, secondhand smoke (SHS) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), by individuals other than the active smoker. It occurs when tobacco smoke diffuses into the surrounding atmosphere as an aerosol pollutant , which leads to its inhalation by nearby bystanders within the same ...
A 2015 review concluded that "Nicotine acts as a gateway drug on the brain, and this effect is likely to occur whether the exposure is from smoking tobacco, passive tobacco smoke or e-cigarettes." [25] Nicotine may have a profound impact on sleep. [26] The effects on sleep vary after being intoxicated, during withdrawal, and from long-term use ...
Sidestream smoke is the main component (around 85%) of second-hand smoke (SHS), also known as Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) or passive smoking. [2] The relative quantity of chemical constituents of sidestream smoke are different from those of directly inhaled ("mainstream") smoke, although their chemical composition is similar. [ 3 ]
Indoor smoking bans could also be extended to some outdoor places like children’s playgrounds
The pattern of smoking among youth has had a slightly different trajectory, such that smoking rates for high school students began to increase in the early 1990s and did not begin to decrease until the end of the decade. [6] If the current smoking trends continue, 5.6 million youths alive today will die prematurely. [7]
In 1990, smoking was the cause of about 1,800 male deaths in Israel which was around 12% of all male deaths. [36] Smoking has not been found to be significant cause of death among Israeli women. [36] The average number of cigarettes smoked per Israeli stands at 2162 (6). [34] There are several anti-tobacco use legislations in effect.
Cigarette smoking has seen a steep decline in the past few decades, as studies have proven their toxicity and programs to deter young people from the tobacco products have been successful.
Socio-ecological models were developed to further the understanding of the dynamic interrelations among various personal and environmental factors. Socioecological models were introduced to urban studies by sociologists associated with the Chicago School after the First World War as a reaction to the narrow scope of most research conducted by developmental psychologists.