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A dye is a colored substance that chemically bonds to the material to which it is being applied. This distinguishes dyes from pigments which do not chemically bind to the material they color. Dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution and may require a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber. [2]
In biology, a pigment is any colored material of plant or animal cells. Many biological structures, such as skin , eyes , fur , and hair contain pigments (such as melanin ). Animal skin coloration often comes about through specialized cells called chromatophores , which animals such as the octopus and chameleon can control to vary the animal's ...
In chemistry, the term chromogen refers to a colourless (or faintly coloured) chemical compound that can be converted by chemical reaction into a compound which can be described as "coloured" (a chromophore). [1] [2] There is no universally agreed definition of the term. Various dictionaries give the following definitions:
See conjugated systems for electron bond chemistry that causes these molecules to have pigment. Heme/porphyrin-based: chlorophyll, bilirubin, hemocyanin, hemoglobin, myoglobin; Light-emitting: luciferin; Carotenoids: Hematochromes (algal pigments, mixes of carotenoids and their derivates) Carotenes: alpha and beta carotene, lycopene, rhodopsin
Mordant red 19 is a typical mordant dye. Like many mordant dyes, it features the azo group (RN=NR) and various sites for chelating to metal cations. A French Indienne, a printed or painted textile in the manner of Indian productions, which used mordants to fix the dyes. A mordant or dye fixative is a substance used to set (i.e., bind) dyes on
In vivo staining (also called vital staining or intravital staining) is the process of dyeing living tissues. By causing certain cells or structures to take on contrasting colours, their form or position within a cell or tissue can be readily seen and studied.
Broadly, dyes are soluble and become fixed to a substrate via impregnation, while pigments are insoluble and require a binding agent to adhere to a substrate. Dyes, therefore, must have an affinity for the substance they are intended to color. [4] Chemically speaking, pigments can be organic or inorganic, while dyes are only organic.
Copper phthalocyanine ("phthalo blue") is a synthetic blue pigment frequently used in paints, inks, and dyes. It is highly valued for its superior properties such as light fastness, tinting strength, covering power and resistance to the effects of alkalis and acids. It has the appearance of a blue powder, insoluble in most solvents including water.