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In computer science and object-oriented programming, a passive data structure (PDS), also termed a plain old data structure or plain old data (POD), is a record, in contrast with objects. It is a data structure that is represented only as passive collections of field values (instance variables), without using object-oriented features. [1]
[citation needed] Operator overloading improves readability, [11] so its absence can make Java code less readable, especially for classes representing mathematical objects, such as complex numbers and matrices. Java has only one non-numerical use of an operator: + and += for string concatenation. However, this is implemented by the compiler ...
ASM is Java-centric at present, and does not currently have a backend that exposes other bytecode implementations (such as .NET bytecode, Python bytecode, etc.). The name "ASM" is not an acronym: it is just a reference to the asm keyword of C, which allows some functions to be implemented in assembly language.
By default, all methods in all classes are concrete, unless the abstract keyword is used. An abstract class may include abstract methods, which have no implementation. By default, all methods in all interfaces are abstract, unless the default keyword is used. The default keyword can be used to specify a concrete method in an interface.
All methods of an Interface do not contain implementation (method bodies) as of all versions below Java 8. Starting with Java 8, default [1]: 99 and static [1]: 7 methods may have implementation in the interface definition. [2] Then, in Java 9, private and private static methods were added. At present, a Java interface can have up to six ...
Spaghetti code can also describe an anti-pattern in which object-oriented code is written in a procedural style, such as by creating classes whose methods are overly long and messy, or forsaking object-oriented concepts like polymorphism. [5] The presence of this form of spaghetti code can significantly reduce the comprehensibility of a system. [6]
In Objective-C, for example, both the generic Object and NSObject (in Cocoa/OpenStep) provide the method isMemberOfClass: which returns true if the argument to the method is an instance of the specified class. The method isKindOfClass: analogously returns true if the argument inherits from the specified class.
Since Java 7, three additional annotations have been added to the language. @SafeVarargs — Suppress warnings for all callers of a method or constructor with a generics varargs parameter, since Java 7. @FunctionalInterface — Specifies that the type declaration is intended to be a functional interface, since Java 8.