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  2. Technological singularity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_singularity

    The concept and the term "singularity" were popularized by Vernor Vinge – first in 1983 (in an article that claimed that once humans create intelligences greater than their own, there will be a technological and social transition similar in some sense to "the knotted space-time at the center of a black hole", [10]) and later in his 1993 essay ...

  3. BKL singularity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BKL_singularity

    The key to understanding the character of metric evolution on approaching singularity is exactly this process of Kasner epoch alternation with flipping of powers p l, p m, p n by the rule eq. 37. The successive alternations eq. 37 with flipping of the negative power p 1 between directions l and m (Kasner epochs) continues by depletion of the ...

  4. Singularity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singularity

    Singularity (system theory), in dynamical and social systems, a context in which a small change can cause a large effect Gravitational singularity, in general relativity, a point in which gravity is so intense that spacetime itself becomes ill-defined

  5. Introduction to evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_evolution

    In biology, evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms ' observable traits .

  6. Evolutionary biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_biology

    Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes (natural selection, common descent, speciation) that produced the diversity of life on Earth. It is also defined as the study of the history of life forms on Earth. Evolution holds that all species are related and gradually change over generations. [1]

  7. Evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution

    Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. [1] [2] It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successive generations. [3]

  8. Singularity (systems theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singularity_(systems_theory)

    Even if the singularity of the Big Bang can be omitted from the mathematical models, many other singularities remain ubiquitous in the history of the universe. Biological evolutionary history shows that not only mutations that give rise to microevolution can amount to singularities, but that macroevolutionary events that affect the entire ...

  9. Rare Earth hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare_Earth_hypothesis

    The Rare Earth hypothesis argues that planets with complex life, like Earth, are exceptionally rare.. In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity, such as sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms on Earth, and subsequently human intelligence, required an improbable combination of astrophysical ...