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The biology of depression is the attempt to identify a biochemical origin of depression, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes. Scientific studies have found that different brain areas show altered activity in humans with major depressive disorder (MDD) . [ 1 ]
Major depression is often associated with biomarkers indicative of inflammatory responses, with interleukin-6, interleukin-1, interleukin-2 receptor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 all being found to be elevated in those with depression.
In physiology and medicine, depression [1] refers to a lowering, in particular a reduction in a specific biological variable or the functions of an organ. It is the opposite of elevation. For example, it is possible to refer to "depressed thyroid function" or to a depression of blood flow in a particular area. Further examples:
Learn how depression can show up in your body, not just in your brain. Watch for these physical signs of depression. 5 Signs of Depression That Are Easy to Miss
Depression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity. [3] It affects about 3.5% of the global population, or about 280 million people worldwide, as of 2020. [4] Depression affects a person's thoughts, behavior, feelings, and sense of well-being. [5]
Depression (kinesiology), an anatomical term of motion, refers to downward movement, the opposite of elevation; Depression (physiology), a reduction in a biological variable or the function of an organ; Central nervous system depression, physiological depression of the central nervous system that can result in loss of consciousness
Endogenous depression is an atypical subclass of major depressive disorder (clinical depression). It could be caused by genetic and biological factors. [ 1 ] Endogenous depression occurs due to the presence of an internal (cognitive, biological) stressor instead of an external (social, environmental) stressor. [ 2 ]
In biology, outbreeding depression happens when crosses between two genetically distant groups or populations result in a reduction of fitness. [1] The concept is in contrast to inbreeding depression , although the two effects can occur simultaneously on different traits. [ 2 ]