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The company was established as "Fabrique Genevoise de Crayons Ecridor" in Geneva in 1915. [2] When Arnold Schweitzer took over the company in 1924, he renamed it after Caran d'Ache, the pseudonym of the Russian-French satiric political cartoonist Emmanuel Poiré – who in turn took his pseudonym from карандаш (karandash), the Russian word for 'pencil', itself of Turkic origin.
Born in Moscow on 6 November 1858, d'Ache was the grandson of an Officer-Grenadier in Napoleon's Grande Armée who, wounded during the Battle of Borodino, had stayed behind in Russia. [5] After his grandfather's death, he was adopted by a Polish family whose daughter he later married. His younger sister, Maria Poiret, became a famous dancer and ...
Carole Hübscher Clements (born 16 April 1967) is a Swiss entrepreneur. She has been CEO of Geneva-based colored pencil and stationery manufacturer Caran d'Ache [1] since 2012 and is the fourth generation to head the company.
Chromaticity is an objective specification of the quality of a color regardless of its luminance. Chromaticity consists of two independent parameters , often specified as hue ( h ) and colorfulness ( s ), where the latter is alternatively called saturation , chroma , intensity , [ 1 ] or excitation purity .
Typical photographic scene lit by full moon [7] 10 −2: 5 mcd/m 2: Approximate scotopic/mesopic threshold [8] 10 −1: 10 0: cd/m 2: 2 cd/m 2: Floodlit buildings, monuments, and fountains [9] 10 1: 5 cd/m 2: Approximate mesopic/photopic threshold [8] 25 cd/m 2: Typical photographic scene at sunrise or sunset [7] 30 cd/m 2: Green ...
"Luminance" can mean several things even within the context of video and imaging: luminance is the photometric brightness of an object (in units of cd/m 2), taking into account the wavelength-dependent sensitivity of the human eye (the photopic curve); relative luminance is the luminance relative to a white level, used in a color-space encoding;
Luminance: L v: candela per square metre: cd/m 2 (= lm/(sr⋅m 2)) L −2 ⋅J: Luminous flux per unit solid angle per unit projected source area. The candela per square metre is sometimes called the nit. Illuminance: E v: lux (= lumen per square metre) lx (= lm/m 2) L −2 ⋅J: Luminous flux incident on a surface Luminous exitance, luminous ...
The sun has a luminance of about 1.6 × 10 9 cd/m 2 at noon. [3] Luminance is invariant in geometric optics. [4] This means that for an ideal optical system, the luminance at the output is the same as the input luminance. For real, passive optical systems, the output luminance is at most equal to the input.