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Typical RCS diagram (A-26 Invader) Radar cross-section (RCS), denoted σ, also called radar signature, is a measure of how detectable an object is by radar. A larger RCS indicates that an object is more easily detected. [1] An object reflects a limited amount of radar energy back to the source. The factors that influence this include: [1]
The radar horizon is a critical area of performance for aircraft detection systems, defined by the distance at which the radar beam rises enough above the Earth's surface to make detection of a target at the lowest level possible.
The radar pulse train is a form of square wave, the pure form of which consists of the fundamental plus all of the odd harmonics. The exact composition of the pulse train will depend on the pulse width and PRF, but mathematical analysis can be used to calculate all of the frequencies in the spectrum. When the pulse train is used to modulate a ...
Radar engineering is the design of technical aspects pertaining to the components of a radar and their ability to detect the return energy from moving scatterers — determining an object's position or obstruction in the environment.
The radar mile is the time it takes for a radar pulse to travel one nautical mile, reflect off a target, and return to the radar antenna. Since a nautical mile is defined as 1,852 m, then dividing this distance by the speed of light (299,792,458 m/s), and then multiplying the result by 2 yields a result of 12.36 μs in duration.
Diagram of a typical 2D radar rotating cosecant squared antenna pattern. Diagram of a typical 3D radar, a judicious mix of vertical electronic beam steering and mechanically horizontal movement of a pencil-beam. Steered beam radars steer a narrow beam through a scan pattern to build a 3-D picture.
One can see that, within the 3dB beam width of the system, the monopulse ratio is almost linear. In fact, for many systems a linear approximation is good enough. One can also note that the monopulse ratio is continuous within the null-to-null beam width, but has asymptotes that occur at the beam nulls.
The resolution of any radar depends on the width of the beam and the range to the target. For example; a radar with 1 degree beam width and a target at 120 km (75 mi) range will show the target as 2 km (1.2 mi) wide. To produce a 1-degree beam at the most common frequencies, an antenna 1.5 kilometres (0.93 miles) wide is required.