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This is not because of muscle weakness or paralysis. The brain has problems planning to move the body parts (e.g., lips, jaw, tongue) needed for speech. The individual knows what they want to say, but their brain has difficulty coordinating the muscle movements necessary to say those words. [2] The exact cause of this disorder is usually ...
Tongue thrusting is a type of orofacial myofunctional disorder, which is defined as habitual resting or thrusting the tongue forward and/or sideways against or between the teeth while swallowing, chewing, resting, or speaking. Abnormal swallowing patterns push the upper teeth forward and away from the upper alveolar processes and cause open bites.
Speaking is an act dependent on thought and timed execution of airflow and oral motor / oral placement of the lips, tongue, and jaw that can be disrupted by weakness in oral musculature or an inability to execute the motor movements needed for specific speech sound production (apraxia of speech or developmental verbal dyspraxia).
Leakage of inner ear fluid to the middle ear that occurs without apparent cause or that is associated with head trauma, physical exertion, or barotrauma. Pervasive developmental disorders Disorders characterized by delays in several areas of development that may include socialization and communication. Pheromones
Muteness is the complete inability to speak. Speech sound disorders involve difficulty in producing specific speech sounds (most often certain consonants, such as /s/ or /r/), and are subdivided into articulation disorders (also called phonetic disorders) and phonemic disorders. Articulation disorders are characterized by difficulty learning to ...
Articulation also becomes more difficult when a word or phrase requires an articulation adjustment, in which the lips and tongue must move in order to shift between sounds. For example, the word "baby" needs less mouth adjustment than the word "dog" requires, since producing "dog" requires two tongue/lips movements to articulate. [6]
Hitism is a difficulty in producing /h/ sound. [3] Iotacism is a difficulty in producing /j/ sound. [4] Kapacism is a difficulty in producing /k/ sound. [2] Lambdacism (from the Greek letter λ) is the difficulty in pronouncing lateral consonants. [2] [5] Rhotacism is a difficulty producing rhotic consonants sounds in the respective language's ...
These effects in turn hinder control over the tongue, throat, lips or lungs; for example, swallowing problems are also often present in those with dysarthria. Cranial nerves that control the muscles relevant to dysarthria include the trigeminal nerve 's motor branch (V), the facial nerve (VII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), the vagus nerve ...