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  2. Aircraft flight dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_flight_dynamics

    Heading angle σ: angle between north and the horizontal component of the velocity vector, which describes which direction the aircraft is moving relative to cardinal directions. Flight path angle γ: is the angle between horizontal and the velocity vector, which describes whether the aircraft is climbing or descending.

  3. Axes conventions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axes_conventions

    RPY angles of ships and other sea vehicles. As well as aircraft, the same terminology is used for the motion of ships and boats. Some words commonly used were introduced in maritime navigation. For example, the yaw angle or heading, has a nautical origin, with the meaning of "bending out of the

  4. Yaw (rotation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaw_(rotation)

    A yaw rotation is a movement around the yaw axis of a rigid body that changes the direction it is pointing, to the left or right of its direction of motion. The yaw rate or yaw velocity of a car, aircraft, projectile or other rigid body is the angular velocity of this rotation, or rate of change of the heading angle when the aircraft is horizontal.

  5. Flight dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_dynamics

    The equilibrium roll angle is known as wings level or zero bank angle, equivalent to a level heeling angle on a ship. Yaw is known as "heading". A fixed-wing aircraft increases or decreases the lift generated by the wings when it pitches nose up or down by increasing or decreasing the angle of attack (AOA). The roll angle is also known as bank ...

  6. Aircraft principal axes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_principal_axes

    The yaw axis has its origin at the center of gravity and is directed towards the bottom of the aircraft, perpendicular to the wings and to the fuselage reference line. Motion about this axis is called yaw. A positive yawing motion moves the nose of the aircraft to the right. [1] [2] The rudder is the primary control of yaw. [3]

  7. Davenport chained rotations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davenport_chained_rotations

    Image 4: Heading, elevation and bank angles after yaw, pitch and roll rotations (Z-Y’-X’’) In the beginning : the plane roll axis is on axis x of the reference frame; the plane pitch axis is on axis y of the reference frame; the plane yaw axis is on axis z of the reference frame; The rotations are applied in order yaw, pitch and roll. In ...

  8. Attitude and heading reference system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_and_heading...

    An attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) consists of sensors on three axes that provide attitude information for aircraft, including roll, pitch, and yaw. These are sometimes referred to as MARG (Magnetic, Angular Rate, and Gravity) [ 1 ] sensors and consist of either solid-state or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscopes ...

  9. Flight control surfaces - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_control_surfaces

    The vertical axis passes through an aircraft from top to bottom. Rotation about this axis is called yaw. [3] Yaw changes the direction the aircraft's nose is pointing, left or right. The primary control of yaw is with the rudder. Ailerons also have a secondary effect on yaw as the wing with more lift experiences more drag.