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In ancient Egyptian religion, Apis or Hapis, [a] alternatively spelled Hapi-ankh, was a sacred bull or multiple sacred bulls [1] worshiped in the Memphis region, identified as the son of Hathor, a primary deity in the pantheon of ancient Egypt. Initially, he was assigned a significant role in her worship, being sacrificed and reborn.
The Serapeum of Saqqara was the ancient Egyptian burial place for sacred bulls of the Apis cult at Memphis.It was believed that the bulls were incarnations of the god Ptah, which would become immortal after death as Osiris-Apis, a name which evolved to Serapis (Σέραπις) in the Hellenistic period, and Userhapi (ⲟⲩⲥⲉⲣϩⲁⲡⲓ) in Coptic.
Especially patronised by Ptolemy VI who was born in the same year as this bull and was referred to as "twin of the living Apis upon their birth-brick." [5] Tahor: 164 BC: 21 July 143 BC: Pagereghor, Athribis: Ptolemy VIII's titulature closely associated him with this bull. [6] Gerege II: 18 February 142 BC: 8 September 119 BC: Temple of Ptah ...
The Procession of the Bull Apis by Frederick Arthur Bridgman, oil on canvas, 1879. Cattle are prominent in some religions and mythologies. As such, numerous peoples throughout the world have at one point in time honored bulls as sacred. In the Sumerian religion, Marduk is the "bull of Utu". In Hinduism, Shiva's steed is Nandi, the Bull.
Mnevis is often depicted as a black bull wearing a solar disk and uraeus. [2] As reported by Plutarch, the Mnevis bull was second only to the Memphite Apis bull in importance. Similarly to the Apis bull, the Mnevis bull's movements were thought to be driven by divine will, and used as an oracle. The priesthood of Mnevis also went as far as to ...
However, four different bull cults dedicated to Montu were known in earlier times in Upper Egypt, and it seems that the Buchis was the result of their syncretism. [3]: 95 Eventually, the Buchis bull was identified as a form of the Apis, and consequently became considered an incarnation of Osiris. It is uncertain when the Buchis cult disappeared.
Amun – A creator god, Tutelary deity of the city of Thebes, and the preeminent deity in ancient Egypt during the New Kingdom [4] Anhur – A god of war and hunting [5] [6] [7] Anubis – The god of funerals, embalming and protector of the dead [8] Apis – A live Bull worshiped as a god at Memphis and seen as a manifestation of Ptah [9]
The Bucheum was the ancient Egyptian burial place for sacred bulls of the Buchis cult at Hermonthis. [3] It consists of underground tunnels which connect the burial chambers of the bulls. [4] It was founded by Nectanebo II, around 350 BC, who based it on the practices at the Serapeum of Saqqara at Memphis. [5]