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In ancient Egyptian religion, Apis or Hapis, [a] alternatively spelled Hapi-ankh, was a sacred bull or multiple sacred bulls [1] worshiped in the Memphis region, identified as the son of Hathor, a primary deity in the pantheon of ancient Egypt. Initially, he was assigned a significant role in her worship, being sacrificed and reborn.
Especially patronised by Ptolemy VI who was born in the same year as this bull and was referred to as "twin of the living Apis upon their birth-brick." [5] Tahor: 164 BC: 21 July 143 BC: Pagereghor, Athribis: Ptolemy VIII's titulature closely associated him with this bull. [6] Gerege II: 18 February 142 BC: 8 September 119 BC: Temple of Ptah ...
The Serapeum of Saqqara was the ancient Egyptian burial place for sacred bulls of the Apis cult at Memphis.It was believed that the bulls were incarnations of the god Ptah, which would become immortal after death as Osiris-Apis, a name which evolved to Serapis (Σέραπις) in the Hellenistic period, and Userhapi (ⲟⲩⲥⲉⲣϩⲁⲡⲓ) in Coptic.
The Procession of the Bull Apis by Frederick Arthur Bridgman, oil on canvas, 1879. Cattle are prominent in some religions and mythologies. As such, numerous peoples throughout the world have at one point in time honored bulls as sacred. In the Sumerian religion, Marduk is the "bull of Utu". In Hinduism, Shiva's steed is Nandi, the Bull.
In Ancient Egypt, the ibis was considered sacred as it was viewed as a manifestation of Thoth, a god of the moon and wisdom. In art, Thoth was usually depicted as a man with the head of an ibis, or more rarely as a baboon. Sacred ibises were kept and fed in temples in his honour, and mummified ibises were given to him as votive offerings.
The Bucheum was the ancient Egyptian burial place for sacred bulls of the Buchis cult at Hermonthis. [3] It consists of underground tunnels which connect the burial chambers of the bulls. [4] It was founded by Nectanebo II, around 350 BC, who based it on the practices at the Serapeum of Saqqara at Memphis. [5]
The papyrus was purchased in 1821 by Dr Ernst August Burghart for the Münz und Antikencabinet at a cost of 200 Guilders Konventionsmünze. [4]Heinrich Brugsch was the first scholar to study the papyrus.
Wild bulls were usually hunted by kings, this is evident in the story of king Amenhotep III; where a man informed the king that there were wild bulls in the desert in the area of Faiyum. The king then traveled north to Faiyum accompanied by his army and ordered the soldiers to observe the wild bulls and confine them with fences and ditches.