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APA style (also known as APA format) is a writing style and format for academic documents such as scholarly journal articles and books. It is commonly used for citing sources within the field of behavioral and social sciences , including sociology, education, nursing, criminal justice, anthropology, and psychology.
Note also that no space is added before the citation marker. Citations should not be placed within, or on the same line as, section headings. The citation should be added close to the material it supports, offering text–source integrity. If a word or phrase is particularly contentious, an inline citation may be added next to that word or ...
When a section is a summary of another article that provides a full exposition of the section, a link to the other article should appear immediately under the section heading. You can use the {{ Main }} template to generate a "Main article" link, in Wikipedia's "hatnote" style.
Special section headings for appendices such as ==See also== are not in italics. A further type of cross-reference may occur within a paragraph of text, usually in parentheses (round brackets). For example: At this time France possessed the largest population in Europe (see Demographics of France).
Among these books are: the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (and a concise version titled Concise Rules of APA Style), which is the official guide to APA style; [18] [19] the APA Dictionary of Psychology; [20] an eight-volume Encyclopedia of Psychology; [21] and many scholarly books on specific subjects such as ...
|1= section heading text (required, no default; alias |header=) |2= basepage; along with baselevel, defines the section heading level (optional; alias |basepage=) |3= is the level number of the heading on the base page: valid values are 0 through 6. (optional; alias: |baselevel=; default is 2: the equivalent of a == Main heading ==.
For example, the AP Stylebook is revised every other year (since 2020). [7] The Chicago Manual of Style is in its 18th edition, while the APA and ASA styles are both in their 7th as of 2025. Many house styles and individual project styles change more frequently, especially for new projects.
This section is where the bibliographic citations to the reliable sources that were used to build the article content are presented. The most popular choice for the section heading's name is "References"; other articles use "Notes", "Footnotes", or "Works cited" (in diminishing order of popularity).