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It was the centre of the Carthaginian Empire, a major power led by the Punic people who dominated the ancient western and central Mediterranean Sea. Following the Punic Wars , Carthage was destroyed by the Romans in 146 BC, who later rebuilt the city lavishly.
The name Carthage (/ ˈ k ɑːr θ ɪ dʒ / KAR-thij) is the Early Modern anglicisation of Middle French Carthage /kartaʒə/, [12] from Latin Carthāgō and Karthāgō (cf. Greek Karkhēdōn (Καρχηδών) and Etruscan *Carθaza) from the Punic qrt-ḥdšt (𐤒𐤓𐤕 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 ) "new city", [b] implying it was a "new Tyre". [14]
The end of the Carthaginian Empire came after the destruction of Carthage in 146 BC, which occurred at the end of the Third Punic War, the final conflict between Carthage and Rome. [8] This took place about 50 years after the end of the Carthaginian presence in Iberia, and the entire empire came under Roman control. [8]
Map of approximate extent of Numidian, Carthaginian and Roman territory in 150 BC Carthage and Rome fought the 17-year Second Punic War between 218 and 201 BC, which ended with a Roman victory. The peace treaty imposed on the Carthaginians stripped them of all of their overseas territories, and some of their African ones.
Carthage archaeological site J. M. W. Turner's The Rise of the Carthaginian Empire (1815). The city of Carthage was founded in the 9th century BC on the coast of Northwest Africa, in what is now Tunisia, as one of a number of Phoenician settlements in the western Mediterranean created to facilitate trade from the city of Tyre on the coast of what is now Lebanon.
The Roman Republic conquered and occupied territories in the Iberian Peninsula that were previously under the control of native Celtic, Iberian, Celtiberian and Aquitanian tribes and the Carthaginian Empire. The Carthaginian territories in the south and east of the peninsula were conquered in 206 BC during the Second Punic War. Control was ...
By the 3rd century, Carthage had developed into one of the largest cities of the Roman Empire, with a population of several hundred thousand. [1] It was the center of the Roman province of Africa, which was a major breadbasket of the empire. Carthage briefly became the capital of a usurper, Domitius Alexander, in 308–311.
During the First Punic War, the island suffered a devastating raid by a Roman army under Gaius Atilius Regulus in 257 BC, but it remained under Carthaginian rule. [2] When the Second Punic War broke out in 218 BC, a Carthaginian force of around 2,000 men under the command of Hamilcar, son of Gisco [a] garrisoned the Maltese Islands. [4]