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Conductivity or specific conductance of an electrolyte solution is a measure of its ability to conduct electricity. The SI unit of conductivity is siemens per meter (S/m). Conductivity measurements are used routinely in many industrial and environmental applications as a fast, inexpensive and reliable way of measuring the ionic content in a ...
m is the molar conductivity at infinite dilution (or limiting molar conductivity), which can be determined by extrapolation of Λ m as a function of √ c, K is the Kohlrausch coefficient, which depends mainly on the stoichiometry of the specific salt in solution, α is the dissociation degree even for strong concentrated electrolytes,
The conductivity of a water/aqueous solution is highly dependent on its concentration of dissolved salts, and other chemical species that ionize in the solution. Electrical conductivity of water samples is used as an indicator of how salt-free, ion-free, or impurity-free the sample is; the purer the water, the lower the conductivity (the higher ...
An acid-base indicator such as bromophenol blue is added to make visible the boundary between the acidic HCl solution and the near-neutral CdCl 2 solution. [8] The boundary tends to remain sharp since the leading solution HCl has a higher conductivity that the indicator solution CdCl 2 , and therefore a lower electric field to carry the same ...
In usual analytical chemistry practice, the term conductometry is used as a synonym of conductometric titration while the term conductimetry is used to describe non-titrative applications. [1] Conductometry is often applied to determine the total conductance of a solution or to analyze the end point of titrations that include ions. [2]
In 1921, solid silver iodide (AgI) was found to have had extraordinary high ionic conductivity at temperatures above 147 °C, AgI changes into a phase that has an ionic conductivity of ~ 1 –1 cm −1. [clarification needed] This high temperature phase of AgI is an example of a superionic conductor.
In fact, conductivity measurements show that ionic mobility increases from Li + to Cs +, and therefore that Stokes radius decreases from Li + to Cs +. This is the opposite of the order of ionic radii for crystals and shows that in solution the smaller ions (Li +) are more extensively hydrated than the larger (Cs +). [2]
An electrical conductivity meter. An electrical conductivity meter (EC meter) measures the electrical conductivity in a solution. [1] It has multiple applications in research and engineering, with common usage in hydroponics, aquaculture, aquaponics, and freshwater systems to monitor the amount of nutrients, salts or impurities in the water.