Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
The corresponding conditional of a valid argument is a logical truth and the negation of its corresponding conditional is a contradiction. The conclusion is a necessary consequence of its premises. An argument that is not valid is said to be "invalid". An example of a valid (and sound) argument is given by the following well-known syllogism:
The types of logical reasoning differ concerning the exact norms they use as well as the certainty of the conclusion they arrive at. [1] [15] Deductive reasoning offers the strongest support and implies its conclusion with certainty, like mathematical proofs. For non-deductive reasoning, the premises make the conclusion more likely but do not ...
A central concern in logic is whether a deductive inference is valid or not. Validity is often defined in terms of necessity, i.e. an inference is valid if and only if it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false. Incorrect inferences and arguments, on the other hand, fail to support their conclusion.
Other forms of reasoning are sometimes also taken to be part of logic, such as inductive reasoning and abductive reasoning, which are forms of reasoning that are not purely deductive, but include material inference. Similarly, it is important to distinguish deductive validity and inductive validity (called "strength").
The philosophical position that there is only one correct logic or logical system that accurately captures the principles of valid reasoning. [177] logical operator A symbol or function in logic that applies to one or more propositions, producing another proposition that expresses a logical operation such as negation, conjunction, or disjunction.
Logic can be defined as the study of valid inferences. [4] [6] [9] An inference is the step of reasoning in which it moves from the premises to a conclusion. [10] Often the term "argument" is also used instead. An inference is valid if it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false.
Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing valid inferences. An inference is valid if its conclusion follows logically from its premises , meaning that it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false.
Logic studies valid forms of inference like modus ponens.. Logic is the study of correct reasoning.It includes both formal and informal logic.Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths.