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A ternary / ˈ t ɜːr n ər i / numeral system (also called base 3 or trinary [1]) has three as its base. Analogous to a bit , a ternary digit is a trit ( tri nary dig it ). One trit is equivalent to log 2 3 (about 1.58496) bits of information .
Each group of three bases, called a codon, corresponds to a single amino acid, and there is a specific genetic code by which each possible combination of three bases corresponds to a specific amino acid. The central dogma of molecular biology outlines the mechanism by which proteins are constructed using information contained in nucleic acids.
"A base is a natural number B whose powers (B multiplied by itself some number of times) are specially designated within a numerical system." [1]: 38 The term is not equivalent to radix, as it applies to all numerical notation systems (not just positional ones with a radix) and most systems of spoken numbers. [1]
Bases with more than one OH- per formula unit are polyprotic. [16] The number of ionizable hydroxide (OH −) ions present in one formula unit of a base is also called the acidity of the base. [17] [18] On the basis of acidity bases can be classified into three types: monoacidic, diacidic and triacidic.
Base pairing: Two base pairs are produced by four nucleotide monomers, nucleobases are in blue. Guanine (G) is paired with cytosine (C) via three hydrogen bonds, in red. Adenine (A) is paired with uracil (U) via two hydrogen bonds, in red. Purine nucleobases are fused-ring molecules. Pyrimidine nucleobases are simple ring molecules.
An anticodon [16] is a unit of three nucleotides corresponding to the three bases of an mRNA codon. Each tRNA has a distinct anticodon triplet sequence that can form 3 complementary base pairs to one or more codons for an amino acid. Some anticodons pair with more than one codon due to wobble base pairing.
Soviet-American physicist George Gamow was the first to give a workable scheme for protein synthesis from DNA. [3] He postulated that sets of three bases (triplets) must be employed to encode the 20 standard amino acids used by living cells to build proteins, which would allow a maximum of 4 3 = 64 amino acids. [4]
In a positional base b numeral system (with b a natural number greater than 1 known as the radix or base of the system), b basic symbols (or digits) corresponding to the first b natural numbers including zero are used. To generate the rest of the numerals, the position of the symbol in the figure is used.