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Due to the Coriolis force, low-pressure systems in the Northern hemisphere, like Typhoon Nanmadol (left), rotate counterclockwise, and in the Southern hemisphere, low-pressure systems like Cyclone Darian (right) rotate clockwise. Schematic representation of flow around a low-pressure area in the Northern Hemisphere. The Rossby number is low, so ...
In classical mechanics, the Euler acceleration (named for Leonhard Euler), also known as azimuthal acceleration [8] or transverse acceleration [9] is an acceleration that appears when a non-uniformly rotating reference frame is used for analysis of motion and there is variation in the angular velocity of the reference frame's axis. This article ...
The action of Rossby waves partially explains why eastern continental edges in the Northern Hemisphere, such as the Northeast United States and Eastern Canada, are colder than Western Europe at the same latitudes, [6] and why the Mediterranean is dry during summer (Rodwell–Hoskins mechanism). [7]
The pilot community uses the mnemonic UNOS (undershoot North overshoot South) to memorize this rule in the Northern hemisphere. In the Southern hemisphere the mnemonic ONUS is used. Other mnemonics used in the northern hemisphere are NOSE (North Opposite, South Exaggerates), OSUN (Overshoot South, Undershoot North), and South Leads, North Lags.
An example of a geostrophic flow in the Northern Hemisphere. A northern-hemisphere gyre in geostrophic balance. Paler water is less dense than dark water, but more dense than air; the outwards pressure gradient is balanced by the 90 degrees-right-of-flow coriolis force. The structure will eventually dissipate due to friction and mixing of water ...
Over millions of years, Earth's rotation has been slowed significantly by tidal acceleration through gravitational interactions with the Moon. Thus angular momentum is slowly transferred to the Moon at a rate proportional to r − 6 {\displaystyle r^{-6}} , where r {\displaystyle r} is the orbital radius of the Moon.
If the air began to move in response to that force, however, the Coriolis force would deflect it, to the right of the motion in the northern hemisphere or to the left in the southern hemisphere. As the air accelerated, the deflection would increase until the Coriolis force's strength and direction balanced the pressure gradient force, a state ...
In the northern hemisphere, positive vorticity is called cyclonic rotation, and negative vorticity is anticyclonic rotation; the nomenclature is reversed in the Southern Hemisphere. The absolute vorticity is computed from the air velocity relative to an inertial frame, and therefore includes a term due to the Earth's rotation, the Coriolis ...