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The .45-70 (11.6x53mmR), also known as the .45-70 Government, .45-70 Springfield, and .45-2 1 ⁄ 10" Sharps, is a .45 caliber rifle cartridge originally holding 70 grains of black powder that was developed at the U.S. Army's Springfield Armory for use in the Springfield Model 1873.
According to the US Army Ordnance Department tests, the 45-70-405 was loaded to 19,000 psi, [4] while the 45-70-500 was loaded to 25,000 psi [2] The average accuracy of the Springfield Model 1873 was a circle with an average radius of 1.7 inches at 100 yards, corresponding to an ~3.4 MOA.
The Springfield model 1884 was one of the "Trapdoor Springfield" rifles. It was an improved replacement for the previous longarm of the U.S. Armed Forces, the Springfield model 1873 and its variants.
The Model 1868 was also the first trapdoor conversion to use the cartridge extractor covered by U.S. Patent No. 68,009, issued August 27, 1867 to W.H. & G.W. Miller. The Model 1868 had an overall length of 51 7 ⁄ 8 inches. [1] Over 50,000 Model 1868 rifles were manufactured, chambered for the .50-70 450 cartridge.
Springfield Model 1888, trapdoor mechanism open. In firearms, a trapdoor is a form of breech-loading mechanism for rifles in which a hinged breechblock rotates up and forward, resembling the movement of a trapdoor. [1] The Springfield models 1865 and 1873 were best known for first employing this type of action. [2]
.45-70-405: Action: Trapdoor: Rate of fire: User dependent; usually 8 to 10 rounds per minute ... The Springfield Model 1880 was a trapdoor rifle based on the design ...
Originally, the trapdoor Springfields were created to convert Model 1863 Springfield rifled muskets to breech-loading rifles at a relatively low cost. The Model 1869 Cadet Rifle was a shortened version of the Springfield Model 1868. It had a 29.5 inch barrel, compared to the 32.5 inch barrel of the Model 1868, and had an overall length of 48.8 ...
This places the .450 Marlin in the .458 Winchester family of cartridges, though it is more easily understood as a "modernized" .45-70. It is possible to handload the .45-70 to levels that can destroy older firearms such as the Trapdoor Springfield. The .450 Marlin offers the ballistics of such "hot" .45-70 loads without the risk of chambering ...