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K-theory and cobordism are the best-known. Unlike ordinary homology and cohomology, they typically cannot be defined using chain complexes. Thus Künneth theorems can not be obtained by the above methods of homological algebra. Nevertheless, Künneth theorems in just the same form have been proved in very many cases by various other methods.
Fix x in G, and let (H × K) x denote the double stabilizer {(h, k) : hxk = x}. Then the double stabilizer is a subgroup of H × K. Because G is a group, for each h in H there is precisely one g in G such that hxg = x, namely g = x −1 h −1 x; however, g may not be in K.
A quaternion of the form a + 0 i + 0 j + 0 k, where a is a real number, is called scalar, and a quaternion of the form 0 + b i + c j + d k, where b, c, and d are real numbers, and at least one of b, c, or d is nonzero, is called a vector quaternion. If a + b i + c j + d k is any quaternion, then a is called its scalar part and b i + c j + d k ...
where the squares of i, j, and k are +1 and distinct elements of {i, j, k} multiply with the anti-commutative property. The four-dimensional algebra of hyperbolic quaternions incorporates some of the features of the older and larger algebra of biquaternions. They both contain subalgebras isomorphic to the split-complex number plane.
That is, h is the x-coordinate of the axis of symmetry (i.e. the axis of symmetry has equation x = h), and k is the minimum value (or maximum value, if a < 0) of the quadratic function. One way to see this is to note that the graph of the function f(x) = x 2 is a parabola whose vertex is at the origin (0, 0).
O p (G) is the intersection of all normal subgroups K of G such that G/K is a (possibly non-abelian) p-group (i.e., K is an index normal subgroup): G/O p (G) is the largest p-group (not necessarily abelian) onto which G surjects. O p (G) is also known as the p-residual subgroup.
Let k be a field, A an associative k-algebra, and M an A-bimodule.The enveloping algebra of A is the tensor product = of A with its opposite algebra.Bimodules over A are essentially the same as modules over the enveloping algebra of A, so in particular A and M can be considered as A e-modules.
(where T is a full set of (H, K)-double coset representatives, as before). This formula is often used when θ and ψ are linear characters, in which case all the inner products appearing in the right hand sum are either 1 or 0, depending on whether or not the linear characters θ t and ψ have the same restriction to t −1 Ht ∩ K.