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A neuron, neurone, [1] or nerve cell is an excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network in the nervous system.They are located in the brain and spinal cord and help to receive and conduct impulses.
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) or pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT or PPTg) is a collection of neurons located in the upper pons in the brainstem. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is involved in voluntary movements, [ 3 ] arousal, and provides sensory feedback to the cerebral cortex and one of the main components of the ascending reticular activating ...
Neuromorphology (from Greek νεῦρον, neuron, "nerve"; μορφή, morphé, "form"; -λογία, -logia, “study of” [1] [2]) is the study of nervous system form, shape, and structure. The study involves looking at a particular part of the nervous system from a molecular and cellular level and connecting it to a physiological and ...
Every neuron and its cellular lineage has been recorded and most, if not all, of the neural connections are known. In this species, the nervous system is sexually dimorphic ; the nervous systems of the two sexes, males and female hermaphrodites , have different numbers of neurons and groups of neurons that perform sex-specific functions.
Biological neuron models, also known as spiking neuron models, [1] are mathematical descriptions of the conduction of electrical signals in neurons. Neurons (or nerve cells) are electrically excitable cells within the nervous system , able to fire electric signals, called action potentials , across a neural network.
The development of the nervous system in humans, or neural development, or neurodevelopment involves the studies of embryology, developmental biology, and neuroscience.These describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the complex nervous system forms in humans, develops during prenatal development, and continues to develop postnatally.
The rate of neurogenesis and the type of neuron generated (broadly, excitatory or inhibitory) are principally determined by molecular and genetic factors. These factors notably include the Notch signaling pathway, and many genes have been linked to Notch pathway regulation.
The term "neurophysics" is a portmanteau of "neuron" and "physics". Among other examples, the theorisation of ectopic action potentials in neurons using a Kramers-Moyal expansion [ 3 ] and the description of physical phenomena measured during an EEG using a dipole approximation [ 1 ] use neurophysics to better understand neural activity.