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Jewish religious movements, sometimes called "denominations", include diverse groups within Judaism which have developed among Jews from ancient times. Samaritans are also considered ethnic Jews by the Chief Rabbinate of Israel, although they are frequently classified by experts as a sister Hebrew people, who practice a separate branch of Israelite religion.
The third largest Abrahamic religion is Judaism with about 14.1 million adherents, called Jews. [158] The Baháʼí Faith has over 8 million adherents, making it the fourth largest Abrahamic religion, [ 160 ] [ 161 ] and the fastest growing religion across the 20th century, usually at least twice the rate of population growth. [ 162 ]
Jews by denomination (16 C) * Synagogues by movement (10 C) A. African-American Judaism (1 C, 8 P) C. Conservative Judaism (13 C, 17 P) Jewish cults (3 P) E.
Following the end of the Babylonian captivity and the subsequent establishment of Yehud Medinata in the 4th century BCE, Yahwism coalesced into what is known as Second Temple Judaism, [13] [14] from which the modern ethnic religions of Judaism and Samaritanism, as well as the Abrahamic religions of Christianity and Islam, would later emerge.
It is also used to describe the five major branches of Judaism (Karaite Judaism, Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist). Within Islam, it can refer to the branches or sects (such as Sunni and Shia ), [ 1 ] [ 2 ] as well as their various subdivisions, such as sub-sects, [ 3 ] schools of jurisprudence , [ 4 ] schools of theology ...
The essential position of Orthodox Judaism is the view that Conservative and Reform Judaism made major and unjustifiable breaks with historic Judaism - both by their skepticism of the verbal revelation of the Written and the Oral Torah, and by their rejection of halakha (Jewish law) as binding (although to varying degrees).
Mishnah, the first major written redaction of the Jewish oral traditions known as the "Oral Torah". Gemara , rabbinical analysis of and commentary on the Mishnah Aggadah , a compendium of rabbinic texts that incorporates folklore, historical anecdotes, moral exhortations, and practical advice in various spheres, from business to medicine.
Judaism, the oldest Abrahamic religion, is based on a strict, exclusive monotheism, [4] [17] finding its origins in the sole veneration of Yahweh, [4] [18] [19] [20] the predecessor to the Abrahamic conception of God. [Note 1] The names of God used most often in the Hebrew Bible are the Tetragrammaton (Hebrew: יהוה, romanized: YHWH) and Elohim.