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These are known as heterophonic names or heterophones (unlike heterographs, which are written differently but pronounced the same). Excluded are the numerous spellings which fail to make the pronunciation obvious without actually being at odds with convention: for example, the pronunciation / s k ə ˈ n ɛ k t ə d i / [ 1 ] [ 2 ] of ...
A heteronym is a homograph that is not a homophone, a word that has a different pronunciation and meaning from another word with the same spelling. Heteronym pronunciation may vary in vowel realisation, in stress pattern, or in other ways. "Heterophone" literally just means "different sound", and this term is sometimes applied to words that are ...
Homographs are words with the same spelling but having more than one meaning. Homographs may be pronounced the same , or they may be pronounced differently (heteronyms, also known as heterophones). Some homographs are nouns or adjectives when the accent is on the first syllable, and verbs when it is on the second.
[a] The expected pronunciation, due to a more well-known name or word with the same spelling, is wrong; or [b] The actual pronunciation would not be a reasonable guess by a speaker familiar with general English spelling patterns but unfamiliar with the name at hand or with similar names (e.g. names in "burgh" or "cester").
The Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (2nd edition, 2000, ISBN 0-582-36467-1) by John C. Wells includes a spelling-to-sound chart for every letter and every common digraph, indicating the most common ways the letters and letter sequences are pronounced.
This is a sublist of List of irregularly spelled English names. These common suffixes have the following regular pronunciations, which are historic, well established and etymologically consistent. However, they may be counterintuitive, as their pronunciation is inconsistent with the usual phonetics of English. -b(o)rough and -burgh – / b ər ə /
Or because the original place name is Roman in origin and the current pronunciation may possibly represent the original Latin pronunciation ( eg Bicester) "Many of the "English" examples given here are of Scottish place names/personal names that are, quite reasonably, pronounced as they are in Scottish Gaelic, Scots or even Scottish English.
(usu. pronounced /ˈslaʊ/, to rhyme with "plough") a marshy area, a swamp a secondary channel; a small backwater; a pond (usu. pronounced /ˈsluː/ and often spelled slew) Smarties a sugar-coated chocolate confectionery manufactured by Nestlé (similar to M&M's) a fruit-flavored tablet candy produced by Ce De Candy, Inc smashed