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Tao (or Dao) can mean way, road, channel, path, doctrine, or line. [139] The Tao is a natural order that enables all things to exist and dominate every action, not so much through force as through a natural curvature of space and time. [140]
Three Treasures ― basic virtues in Taoism, including variations of "compassion", "frugality", and "humility". Arthur Waley described these Three Treasures as, "The three rules that formed the practical, political side of the author's teaching (1) abstention from aggressive war and capital punishment, (2) absolute simplicity of living, (3) refusal to assert active authority."
By the Tang dynasty times (618–907 CE), a common sense of a "Taoist identity" had developed (which Tang leaders called Dàojiào, "teachings of the Tao"), partly by the efforts of systematisers like Lu Xiujing and due to the need to compete against Buddhism for imperial patronage. [33] This synthetic system is sometimes called the Three Caverns.
The Ten Precepts of Taoism were outlined in a short text that appears in Dunhuang manuscripts (DH31, 32), the Scripture of the Ten Precepts (Shíjiè jīng 十戒經). The precepts are the classical rules of medieval Taoism as applied to practitioners attaining the rank of Disciple of Pure Faith (qīngxīn dìzǐ 清心弟子).
Taoist theology focuses on doctrines of wu wei ("non-action"), spontaneity, relativity and emptiness. [26] [27] Traditional Chinese Taoist schools accept polytheism, but there are differences in the composition of their pantheon. [28] On the popular level, Taoism typically presents the Jade Emperor as the head deity.
In Chinese philosophy, the three teachings (Chinese: 三 教; pinyin: sān jiào; Vietnamese: tam giáo, Chữ Hán: 三教) are Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. The learning and the understanding of the three teachings are traditionally considered to be a harmonious aggregate within Chinese culture. [ 1 ]
The tao/dao "the way" English word of Chinese origin has three meanings, according to the Oxford English Dictionary. 1. a. In Taoism, an absolute entity which is the source of the universe; the way in which this absolute entity functions. 1. b. = Taoism, taoist. 2.
Schools of Taoist thought developed around each of these deities. Taoist Alchemy was a large part of these schools, as each of the Three Pure Ones represented one of the three essential fields of the body: jing, qi and shen. The congregation of all three Pure Ones resulted in the return to Tao. The first Pure One is universal or heavenly chi.