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The polyol metabolic pathway. [6]Cells use glucose for energy.This normally occurs by phosphorylation from the enzyme hexokinase. However, if large amounts of glucose are present (as in diabetes mellitus), hexokinase becomes saturated and the excess glucose enters the polyol pathway when aldose reductase reduces it to sorbitol.
The protein kinase C enzymes are known for their long-term activation: They remain activated after the original activation signal or the Ca 2+-wave is gone. It is presumed that this is achieved by the production of diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol by a phospholipase ; fatty acids may also play a role in long-term activation.
Glutathione (GSH, / ˌ ɡ l uː t ə ˈ θ aɪ oʊ n /) is an organic compound with the chemical formula HOCOCH(NH 2)CH 2 CH 2 CONHCH(CH 2 SH)CONHCH 2 COOH. It is an antioxidant in plants , animals , fungi , and some bacteria and archaea .
18750 Ensembl ENSG00000154229 ENSMUSG00000050965 UniProt P17252 P20444 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002737 NM_011101 RefSeq (protein) NP_002728 NP_035231 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 66.3 – 66.81 Mb Chr 11: 107.82 – 108.23 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKCA gene. Function Protein kinase C (PKC) is a ...
FDPB-based methods calculate the change in the pK a value of an amino acid side chain when that side chain is moved from a hypothetical fully solvated state to its position in the protein. To perform such a calculation, one needs theoretical methods that can calculate the effect of the protein interior on a p K a value, and knowledge of the pKa ...
A study found the mean concentration of sodium in softened water to be 278 mg/L. [24] In 2 liters of water—the amount of drinking water typically suggested for an average adult, this constitutes about 22% of the recommended sodium intake by the US CDC and may make a difference to those who need to significantly limit their sodium consumption.
Glutathione synthetase (GSS) (EC 6.3.2.3) is the second enzyme in the glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis pathway. It catalyses the condensation of gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine, to form glutathione. [2] Glutathione synthetase is also a potent antioxidant. It is found in many species including bacteria, yeast, mammals, and plants. [3]
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (EC 1.11.1.9) is the general name of an enzyme family with peroxidase activity whose main biological role is to protect the organism from oxidative damage. [2] The biochemical function of glutathione peroxidase is to reduce lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and to reduce free hydrogen peroxide to ...