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  2. Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjectivity_and...

    The root of the words subjectivity and objectivity are subject and object, philosophical terms that mean, respectively, an observer and a thing being observed.The word subjectivity comes from subject in a philosophical sense, meaning an individual who possesses unique conscious experiences, such as perspectives, feelings, beliefs, and desires, [1] [3] or who (consciously) acts upon or wields ...

  3. Direct and indirect realism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_and_indirect_realism

    Direct realism, also known as naïve realism, argues we perceive the world directly. In the philosophy of perception and philosophy of mind, direct or naïve realism, as opposed to indirect or representational realism, are differing models that describe the nature of conscious experiences; [1] [2] out of the metaphysical question of whether the world we see around us is the real world itself ...

  4. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    The tendency to perceive meaningful connections between unrelated things. [17] The following are types of apophenia: Clustering illusion, the tendency to overestimate the importance of small runs, streaks, or clusters in large samples of random data (that is, seeing phantom patterns).

  5. The Obstacle Is the Way - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Obstacle_Is_the_Way

    In this part of the book, Holiday argues the point that an individual's perspective impacts his or her success. Holiday takes on the Stoic point of view by stating that an objective mind, which can "resist temptation or excitement, no matter how seductive, no matter the situation" [8] can succeed. One example he mentions is of Rockefeller, who ...

  6. A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Treatise_Concerning_the...

    Objection: [W]e "see" things… at a distance from us, and which consequently do not exist in the mind…. Answer: Distant things in a dream are actually in the mind. Also, we do not directly perceive distance while we are awake. We infer distance from a combination of sensations, such as sight and touch.

  7. Objectivism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectivism

    Objectivism is a philosophical system named and developed by Russian-American writer and philosopher Ayn Rand.She described it as "the concept of man as a heroic being, with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life, with productive achievement as his noblest activity, and reason as his only absolute".

  8. Subjective idealism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjective_idealism

    People have contested that premise (2) is false, claiming that people don't perceive ideas but instead, "distinguishing two sorts of perception" [7] they perceive objects and then have ideas about them, effectively cutting down the equality. This might seem to obviously be the case, but in fact it is contestable.

  9. Subjectivism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjectivism

    Subjectivism is the doctrine that "our own mental activity is the only unquestionable fact of our experience", [1] instead of shared or communal, and that there is no external or objective truth. While Thomas Hobbes was an early proponent of subjectivism, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] the success of this position is historically attributed to Descartes and his ...