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An engine has one or more devices for converting energy it produces into a usable form, electricity connection through the alternator, hydraulic connections from a pump or engine system, compressed air, and engine vacuum; or the engine may be directly tapped through a mechanical connection. Modern vehicles run most accessories on electrical power.
An ECU from a Geo Storm. An electronic control unit (ECU), also known as an electronic control module (ECM), is an embedded system in automotive electronics that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a car or other motor vehicle.
Engine controls demand one of the highest real-time deadlines, as the engine itself is a very fast and complex part of the automobile. Of all the electronics in any car, the computing power of the engine control unit is the highest, typically a 32-bit processor. [citation needed] A modern car may have up to 100 ECU's and a commercial vehicle up ...
This list reflects both fossil-fueled cars (using internal combustion engines) and electric vehicles; the list is not exhaustive. Many of these parts are also used on other motor vehicles such as trucks and buses .
Another sort of ignition system commonly used on small off-road motorcycles in the 1960s and 1970s was called Energy Transfer. A coil under the flywheel generated a strong DC current pulse as the flywheel magnet moved over it. (If the engine was rotated while examining the wave-form output of the coil with an oscilloscope, it would appear to be AC.
The Ford EEC (Electronic Engine Control) system, which utilized the Toshiba TLCS-12 microprocessor, went into mass production in 1975. [ 7 ] The first Bosch engine management system was the Motronic 1.0 , which was introduced in the 1979 BMW 7 Series (E23) [ 8 ] This system was based on the existing Bosch Jetronic fuel injection system, to ...
A 48 V system can provide more power, improve energy recuperation, [7] and allow up to an 85% decrease in cable mass. [10]12-volt systems can provide only 3.5 kilowatts, while a 48 V power could achieve 15 to 20 kW or even 50 kW. 48 volts is below the level that is considered safe in dry conditions without special protective measures. [11]
[1] 42 volts is an approximation of the output of the new standard's charging system. [2] The present nominally 12 V automotive electrical system usually operates around 13.8 volts, so 14 V is descriptive. Literature on 42-volt electrical systems often refers to systems powered with a 6-cell lead-acid battery as nominally 14 volts.