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Hamartiology, a branch of Christian theology which is the study of sin, [3] describes sin as an act of offence against God by despising his persons and Christian biblical law, and by injuring others. [4] Christian hamartiology is closely related to concepts of natural law, moral theology and Christian ethics.
While the Bible very clearly condones and commands capital punishment, there are verses that can be interpreted as opposing the practice. For example, when Cain murdered Abel, God sentenced him to wandering as a fugitive rather than to death, and even issued a warning against killing Cain. A similar sentiment is suggested in Proverbs 28:17.
Warfare represents a special category of biblical violence and is a topic the Bible addresses, directly and indirectly, in four ways: there are verses that support pacifism, and verses that support non-resistance; 4th century theologian Augustine found the basis of just war in the Bible, and preventive war which is sometimes called crusade has also been supported using Bible texts.
Sacrificing to gods other than Yahweh. [1]Sacrificing offspring to Molech. [2]Worshipping Baal Peor. [3]A prophet who says to follow gods other than Yahweh. [4]A person who follows gods other than Yahweh.
Although considered a serious offense against canon law, simony is thought to have become widespread in the Catholic Church during the 9th and 10th centuries. [7] In the eleventh century, it was the focus of a great deal of debate. [8]
All others who engage in the same crime as described above are punished with a three-year excommunication. [9] Any metropolitan bishop who refuses to come to his patriarch when summoned unless delayed by pagan invasion or genuine illness, or if he pretends to have no knowledge of the summoning (when he does) or hides in some way, is excommunicated.
The Hebrew Bible is considered a holy text in most Abrahamic religions. It records a large number of events and laws that are endorsed or proscribed by the God of Israel. Judaism teaches that the Torah contains 613 commandments, many of which deal with crime and punishment, but only the Noahide Laws apply to humanity in general
A major offence was to tamper with a consecrated host, otherwise known as the Body of Christ. Additionally, Bible desecration has resulted in prosecution. [1] [2] Most modern nations have abandoned laws against sacrilege out of respect for freedom of expression, except in cases where there is an injury to persons or property.