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Maritime archaeology (also known as marine archaeology) is a discipline within archaeology as a whole that specifically studies human interaction with the sea, [1] lakes and rivers through the study of associated physical remains, be they vessels, shore-side facilities, port-related structures, cargoes, human remains and submerged landscapes. [2]
Maritime archaeology is a sub-discipline of archaeology concerned with the study of human cultures broadly relating to or found in the sea — in practice the subject encompasses in addition inland water, foreshore and coastal sites, as well as associated material culture, such as boats, fishing and trade items, on land.
Edgerton Alvord Throckmorton (July 30, 1928 – June 5, 1990), known as Peter Throckmorton, was an American photojournalist and a pioneer underwater archaeologist. [1] [2]He is best remembered for fusing academia, archaeometry, and diving in 1960 to create responsible underwater archaeology: the excavation of the Cape Gelidonya bronze age wreck site.
Maritime history dates back thousands of years. In ancient maritime history, [1] evidence of maritime trade between civilizations dates back at least two millennia. [2] The first prehistoric boats are presumed to have been dugout canoes which were developed independently by various Stone Age populations.
The archaeology of shipwrecks is the field of archaeology specialized most commonly in the study and exploration of shipwrecks. [1] Its techniques combine those of archaeology with those of diving to become Underwater archaeology. However, shipwrecks are discovered on what have become terrestrial sites. [2]
There are many reasons why underwater archaeology can make a significant contribution to our knowledge of the past. In the shipwreck field alone, individual shipwrecks can be of significant historical importance either because of the magnitude of loss of life (such as the Titanic) or circumstances of loss (Housatonic was the first vessel in history sunk by an enemy submarine).
The remains of the shipwreck are located about 15–30 metres (50–100 ft) underwater off the coast of southern Greece near the island of Dokos (ancient name Aperopia) in the Aegean Sea. [3] Dokos is about 100 kilometres (60 mi) east of Sparta, Peloponnese. [4] The ship itself is long gone, as everything biodegradable has
A History of Seafaring Based on Underwater Archaeology by George Fletcher Bass (New York, Walker, 1972) ISBN 0802703909, OCLC 508334; Ships and Shipwrecks of the Americas: a history based on underwater archaeology by George Fletcher Bass (New York, N.Y. : Thames and Hudson, 1988) ISBN 0-500-05049-X, OCLC 18759167