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First, metabolites that are produced by active muscle use can alter skeletal muscle tone. Second, skeletal muscle can undergo hyperemia, which is a mechanism of local blood flow regulation with two major subtypes. Regardless of the subtype, the result of hyperemia is an increase in blood flow to the affected skeletal muscle. [4]
Blood resistance varies depending on blood viscosity and its plugged flow (or sheath flow since they are complementary across the vessel section) size as well, and on the size of the vessels. Assuming steady, laminar flow in the vessel, the blood vessels behavior is similar to that of a pipe.
The myogenic mechanism is how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow constant within the blood vessel.Myogenic response refers to a contraction initiated by the myocyte itself instead of an outside occurrence or stimulus such as nerve innervation.
The fusion of several small vessels can also generate large vessels in areas of the vascular tree where blood pressure and flow rate are larger. [10] Murray's law is a relation between the radius of parent vessels to the radius of branches which holds true for the circulatory system.
It is clear that red blood cells cannot pass through the capillary wall, which implies that the centers of red blood cells must lie at least one red blood cell half-thickness away from the wall. This means that, on average, there will be more red blood cells near the center of the capillary than very near the wall.
Poiseuille flow in a cylinder of diameter h; the velocity field at height y is u(y).. Murray's original derivation uses the first set of assumptions described above. She begins with the Hagen–Poiseuille equation, which states that for fluid of dynamic viscosity μ, flowing laminarly through a cylindrical pipe of radius r and length l, the volumetric flow rate Q associated with a pressure ...
Increased flow is one possibility; mathematical modeling has shown a vessel with an oscillating diameter to conduct more flow than a vessel with a static diameter. [7] Vasomotion could also be a mechanism of increasing the reactivity of a blood vessel by avoiding the "latch state", a low ATP cycling state of prolonged force generation common in ...
In compliance, an increase in volume occurs in a vessel when the pressure in that vessel is increased. The tendency of the arteries and veins to stretch in response to pressure has a large effect on perfusion and blood pressure.