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The Spice Route : A History. University of California Press. Nabhan, Gary Paul: Cumin, Camels, and Caravans: A Spice Odyssey. [History of Spice Trade] University of California Press, 2014. ISBN 978-0-520-26720-6 [Print]; ISBN 978-0-520-95695-7 [eBook] Pavo López, Marcos: Spices in maps. Fifth centenary of the first circumnavigation of the ...
Spices have been used for their medicinal qualities as far back as traceable history and even now with current archaeological discoveries, pre-history. An example of spices being used for medicinal in early civilizations, can be found in The Ebers Papyrus, which is an Egyptian scroll listing plants used as medicines, which dates back to about ...
The Taste of Conquest: The Rise and Fall of the Three Great Cities of Spice. Random House. ISBN 978-0-345-50982-6. Miller, James Innes (1969). The spice trade of the Roman Empire, 29 B.C. to A.D. 641. Oxford: Clarendon P. ISBN 978-0-19-814264-5. Morton, Timothy (2006). The Poetics of Spice: Romantic Consumerism and the Exotic. Cambridge ...
As is true of the world as a whole, agriculture dominated the economy until the modern period, with livestock grazing playing a particularly large role in the Arab world. Significant trade routes included the Silk Road, the spice trade, and the trade in gold, salt, slaves and luxury goods including ivory and feathers out of sub-Saharan Africa ...
The first phase of European colonization of Southeast Asia took place throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Where new European powers competing to gain monopoly over the spice trade, as this trade was very valuable to the Europeans due to high demand for various spices such as pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves.
The trade with Arabia and India in incense and spices became increasingly important, and Greeks for the first time began to trade directly with India. The discovery, or rediscovery, of the sea-route to India is attributed to a certain Eudoxos, who was sent out for this purpose towards the end of the reign of Ptolemy Euergetes II (died 116 BC ...
Kozhikode was dubbed the "City of Spices" for its role as the major trading point of eastern spices [2] during the Middle Ages and probably as early as Classical antiquity. The port at Kozhikode held the superior economic and political position in medieval Kerala coast, while Kannur, Kollam , and Kochi , were commercially important secondary ...
It specialised in the spice trade and gave its shareholders 40% annual dividend. [45] [better source needed] The British East India Company was fiercely competitive with the Dutch and French throughout the 17th and 18th centuries over spices from the Spice Islands. Some spices, at the time, could only be found on these islands, such as nutmeg ...